Academic writing guides, one paper type at a time

The short version

Every academic paper is an argument with a set shape. A research proposal argues that a question deserves a project. A literature review argues where a debate stands and where the gap is. A case study analysis argues what should happen in one real situation. A book review argues what a book achieves and where it falls short. An essay argues one claim from start to finish, and a dissertation holds one argument across several chapters. Find the paper you have been set, read what it has to prove, then follow its sections in order. Each guide starts with a short answer, walks through the sections with a worked example, gives you a template to adapt, and ends with the reasons markers most often send that kind of paper back. Each one also says where AI tools usually help and where they get in the way, and links to the longer page on that question. Your assignment brief and your department's handbook always come first: where they disagree with anything here, follow them.

The six guides

Each one starts with what the paper has to prove.

  1. A two page research proposal on a desk, one line circled in red pen

    Has to proveThe question matters and you can answer it.

    Updated

  2. A bound dissertation draft with tabs marking each chapter

    Has to proveYou can hold one argument across every chapter.

    Updated

  3. Journal articles grouped into three piles, each ticked in green

    Has to proveYou know the debate and where the gap is.

    Updated

  4. An open library book with notes in the margin and a slip marking a page

    Has to proveYou can judge a book's argument, not just retell it.

    Updated

  5. A printed case study with a diagram sketched beside it in pen

    Has to proveYou can apply theory to a real case and judge it.

    Updated

  6. Paragraphs of an essay cut into strips and laid out in order

    Has to proveEvery paragraph moves one argument forward.

    Updated

Where to start

Not sure which paper you have? Read your assignment brief for the verb: propose, review, analyse, argue.

No verb you recognise? Start here.

Essay structure: how an argument is built

Where AI fits in each one